Infants With Fetal Distress Are Most Affected by General Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery
The infants most affected by general anesthesia for cesarean delivery are those who are already compromised in utero, according to the results of a study reported in the April 29 Online First issue of BMC Medicine.....
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Infants With Pulmonary Hypertension Safe to use Long-Term Sildenafil
As a treatment for infants with chronic lung disease complicated by pulmonary hypertension, long-term sildenafil treatment is usually well tolerated, safe and effective, according to results of a study published in the March issue of the Journal of Pediatrics.....
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Children With Celiac Disease May Be Able to Eat Gluten
Researchers in the Netherlands have made a startling suggestion: children with celiac disease might not need to start treatment with a gluten-free diet until they begin to develop symptoms.....
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Reduced Sugar or Increased Fiber Intake May Reduce Risk for Type 2 Diabetes in Latino Children
Latino children who reduced added sugar intake by the equivalent of 1 can of soda per day or increased fiber intake by the equivalent of a half cup of beans had improvements in key risk factors for type 2 diabetes, according to the results of a secondary analysis of a randomized control trial reported in the April issue of Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine.....
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Oligosaccharide Mixture Induces Protective Antibodies in High-Risk Infants
A mixture of short-chain galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) and long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) (Immunofortis(r)) induces beneficial changes in antibody profiles in infants at high risk for allergy, according to a report in the March issue of Allergy....
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Time Spent Watching TV at Preschool Age Linked to Asthma in Later Childhood
Increased duration of television viewing in early childhood - as a proxy measure of sedentary behavior - is associated with the development of asthma later in childhood, a British research team reports in the April issue of Thorax....
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Antibiotic Strategy Can Reduce Burden of Trachoma Through Herd Protection
Frequent mass antibiotic treatment of children can significantly reduce the prevalence of trachoma infection in the overall community, according to a study carried out in rural Ethiopia by U.S. and Ethiopian researchers and published in the March 28 issue of The Lancet....
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Death of an Infant Has Lifelong Consequences
The death of a child in the neonatal intensive-care unit (NICU) has lifelong psychosocial consequences for surviving siblings, new research suggests...
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Rotavirus Vaccine Effective in Combination With Primary Hexavalent Vaccination
Pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (PRV, RotaTeq) is safe and effective when administered along with a primary vaccination course of a hexavalent vaccine containing diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, hepatitis B, inactivated polio, and Haemophilus influenzae type b, according to a report in the March issue of The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal...
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Weight Gain May Predict Retinopathy in Preterm Infants
A screening algorithm including weight detected 100% of infants who developed retinopathy of prematurity requiring treatment and correctly predicted most of the children who did not need treatment...
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Indeterminate Results for Latent TB Common in Younger Children
Commercial blood tests for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) yield indeterminate results more commonly for children under 4 years of age than for older children, according to a report from Italy in the March issue of Pediatrics...
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Renal Transplant Improves Growth in Children
In young children with renal failure, transplantation leads to a significant increase in physical growth and head circumference, an indicator of brain weight and development, according to Japanese researchers...
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Eczema In Children Is Increasing, But Diet Is Not The Cause
The number of children who have eczema has risen – one in five children are now affected by this skin condition, which is often associated with an allergy. Researchers are not yet sure what is causing this growing problem. Many people believe that certain foods are responsible, or at least make the symptoms worse..
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Early Childhood Respiratory Illness a Huge Risk Factor for Asthma
Respiratory infections early in life are associated with the development of asthma later in childhood, with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.5, investigators announced here at the 2009 American Academy of Asthma, Allergy and Immunology (AAAAI) Annual Meeting...
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Factors Predicting Proteinuria Identified in Children With Chronic Kidney Disease
Proteinuria in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with level of kidney impairment (glomerular filtration rate [GFR] as measured by iohexol disappearance), cause of CKD, and race, according to the results of the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) cohort study reported in the March 18 Online First issue of the Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology...
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Newer Medications Have Changed Presentation of Childhood Asthma
Second-generation inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and long-acting beta-2-agonist (LABA) bronchodilators, introduced into clinical practice in past decade, have significantly "changed the face of childhood asthma," investigators at National Jewish Health, in Denver, Colorado, announced here at the 2009 American Academy of Asthma, Allergy and Immunology Annual Meeting...
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Tolerance to Peanuts Achieved With Oral Immunotherapy
Children with severe peanut allergies were able to eat peanuts after undergoing oral immunotherapy, researchers announced here this weekend at the 2009 annual meeting of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology..
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Inhaled Corticosteroids Sharply Cut Use of Rescue Medication in Asthmatic Children
Regular use of mometasone furoate, delivered by dry-powder inhaler, immediately and significantly reduces the need for rescue medications to control symptoms of asthma in children 4 to 11 years old, and the need for rescue treatment remains consistently low over prolonged periods among those regularly using the inhaled corticosteroid...
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Drop in Air Pollution Improves Airway Function in Asthmatic Children
A fall in air pollution levels rapidly reduces airway inflammation in children with asthma and improves airway function, according to study findings reported in the March issue of Pediatrics.....
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First Pediatric Case of Multi-Abdominal Organ Removal, Autotransplantation
Locally invasive and inflammatory tumors are often considered unresectable, but according to the first pediatric case report, en bloc multiple organ removal, ex vivo resection, and autotransplantation could provide a novel treatment strategy for patients who are deemed inoperable. An advantage of the technique is that it obviates the need to wait for a donor and also eliminates the need for postoperative immunosuppressants..
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FBreast-Feeding May Reduce Risk for SIDS by Half Throughout Infancy
Breast-feeding reduces the risk for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) by approximately 50% at all ages throughout infancy, according to the results of a case-control study reported in the March issue of Pediatrics....
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Management of Streptococcal Pharyngitis Reviewed
Pharyngitis is diagnosed in 11 million patients in U.S. emergency departments and ambulatory settings annually," writes Beth A. Choby, MD, from University of Tennessee College of Medicine in Chattanooga. "Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus (GABHS), the most common bacterial etiology, accounts for 15 to 30 percent of cases of acute pharyngitis...
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FDA Approves Bioresorbable Barrier to Prevent Adhesions in Children After Open-Heart Surgery
The US FDA has approved a bioresorbable product used in children during open-heart surgery to reduce the risk of developing scar tissue postsurgery, the agency has announced....
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Inhaled Corticosteroids May Be Helpful for Infants and Preschoolers With Asthma
nfants and preschoolers with recurrent wheezing or asthma had fewer episodes of wheezing or asthma exacerbations, reduced symptoms, and improved lung function during treatment with inhaled corticosteroids, according to the results of a systematic review with meta-analysis reported in the March issue of Pediatrics....
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Antibiotic Use in First Year of Life Linked to Small Risk of Developing Asthma
Antibiotic use in the first year of life is linked to a small risk for the development of asthma, and this risk increases with the number of courses of antibiotics prescribed, according to the results of a study reported in the March issue of Pediatrics...
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Measles Infection May Protect Against Allergic Disease in Children
A large study of children in Europe has demonstrated an inverse association between measles infection and development of allergiesThe prevalence of allergic disorders has increased during past decades, coinciding with reduced rates of many childhood infections and increasing use of vaccinations, Helen Rosenlund, at Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm, and co-authors note in the March issue of Pediatrics. However, studies looking for any link between allergy, measles infection...
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Infant Deaths by Accidental Suffocation, Strangulation in Bed on the Rise
The number of infant deaths from accidental suffocation and strangulation in bed (ASSB) has quadrupled in the past 2 decades, with the most significant increase occurring after 1996, according to a retrospective analysis published in the February issue of Pediatrics....
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Neurodevelopment Better When Parents in Sync With Very Preterm Infants
Parents of very preterm infants can enhance their child's development with positive, sensitive caregiving, a new study shows. In particular, "parent-child synchrony" has a strong influence on cognitive, social, and emotional development during the infant's first 2 years of life. ...
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Atropine and Patching Both Effective for Amblyopia in Older Children
Atropine eyedrops and patching are similarly effective in improving amblyopia among children aged 7 to 12 years, according to study results published in the December issue of the Archives of Ophthalmology....
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Acute Sinusitis Diagnosis, Management by Pediatricians
Diagnosis and management of acute sinusitis by pediatricians are reviewed in a survey study reported in the February issue of Pediatrics. The survey considered the importance given to various symptoms, the use of sinus imaging, and management of acute sinusitis, including antibiotic choices and contingency prescription use...
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Musculoskeletal Deficits Associated With Pediatric Crohn's
Children with Crohn's disease exhibit deficits in muscle and bone that are unrelated to steroid treatment, and that do not completely resolve with treatment, according to a report in the January issue of Gastroenterology ...
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Prenatal Cocaine Exposure Impairs Infants' Stress Response
Prenatal exposure to cocaine appears to heighten infants' response to stress, new research suggests. Investigators at the University of Buffalo Research Institute on Addiction, in New York, found that, compared with healthy infants, cocaine-exposed babies were more reactive to stress but exhibited no ..
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Gene Therapy May Be Safe, Effective for Severe Combined Immunodeficiency in Patients With Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency
Gene therapy combined with reduced-intensity conditioning was a safe and effective treatment for severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) in patients with adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency, according to the results of a study reported in the January 29 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine....
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New Equation Accurately Estimates GFR in Children With Kidney Disease
US researchers have developed a clinical equation that may enhance the estimation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in children with chronic kidney disease, according to the report in the March issue of the Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. ...
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Hallucinations, Other Psychotic Symptoms in Children Linked to Use of ADHD Medications
Clinicians, patients, and parents should be aware that psychotic symptoms or mania arising in children treated with standard, approved drugs for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may constitute an adverse drug reaction and not necessarily an additional psychiatric disorder, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) research suggests...
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